RNA interference is a natural cellular process used to regulate gene expression by silencing specific mRNA molecules. In the lab, RNAi is used to experimentally “turn off” genes.
How it works:
Short double-stranded RNA molecules (siRNA or shRNA) are introduced into the cell. Once inside, the RNA is processed and loaded into a protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex). One strand is removed, and the remaining strand guides RISC to the complementary mRNA target. RISC then cleaves the mRNA, preventing it from being translated into protein.
Applications:
Studying gene function by selectively knocking down genes
Developing treatments for diseases caused by overactive or faulty genes
Investigating pathways in genetic and molecular biology research
How to interpret data:
Successful RNAi reduces the amount of the target protein. This is often confirmed through western blotting or qPCR to measure protein or mRNA levels, respectively.